This book pulled no punches, gave no benefits of the doubt, no excuses. It just states clearly that all whites have and do treat First Nations people with contempt and hate. And that actions of the past are on the hands of all past, present, and future whites. While the author is correct, treatment of First Nations has been terrible and unjust since North America was "Discovered" and we need to learn from the past to improve of the future. I am not saying he is wrong or right but simply that while he asked all Natives to not be painted with the same brush, neither should he to all whites. I don't know the solution moving forward to correct what has happened, the author states apologies are not enough. I think it's an important first step in accepting responsibility. And yes should lead to action. The author was very unforgiving and perhaps he shouldn't be, but it came off as sarcastic, rude and close minded at times. The book itself was very interesting and I learned a lot, but also found it weighed down in facts and details that made it drag on a bit at times. It's an important book that everyone needs to read and examine themselves afterwards. It's a great way to get the conversations started.