I really liked Pinker in the Enlightment so bought this in a flash. It is a to dry for me, to give this a proper rating and did not finish, there are better boots te read

Pinker is a great science communicator. This is a very engaging and clear read. The first few chapters are a bit of a recap of cognitive bias research, so nothing really new there if you're not a stranger to the subject. The strength of the book for me was the middle section which very clearly explains concepts surrounding probability and statistics. Who I would most recommend it for is grad students who managed to make it to their level of study while only having a vague idea of what the statistical tests they're using are actually doing. It definitely helped me better understand the theory behind them (and that may sound like a very dry read, but Pinker keeps things engaging)

Using rational reasoning skills, humans have been able to achieve material and scientific progress.   Rationality is composed of cognitive tools that people use to understand a situation, to find potential solutions to a problem.  Rationality is often found in groups, as each individual reciprocates in finding each other’s fallacies.  Reason can reason about reason, which enables people to disagree and find alternative solutions.  There are situations in which people can find rational reasons to behave irrationally, situations in which there is strategic value in ignorance.  People use reasoning skills when they argue, persuade, evaluate, accept, or reject an argument instead of threatening and coercing each other. 

Various social and institutional systems used force to shape others’ beliefs rather than use persuasion.  The acceptable methods of forcing beliefs on others have changed, but even institutions that are meant to evaluate ideas, find ways to suppress divergent views.  The problem of using force, is that force can leave the opposition with no alternative other than to reciprocate with force.  Relative power can shift to the opposition who will reciprocate the lack of willingness to be heard on merits. 

 

The book expresses rationality through various methods such as formal logic, game theory, and probability.  Although the decision theory and mathematics are provided in an introductory form, a reader who has not yet learned the ideas might need to apply more effort to understand them such as by researching for more details and applications.  The way some parts are written can contradict values in other parts, such as highlighting individual failures of rationality even though the group process of finding rationality is understood, and sharing causes to biases but providing various examples that enable the biases to occur.   

Word for word stats and logic math classes, not much application